TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact): High efficiency (around 25% in mass production), mature process, and cost-effectiveness, making it suitable for large-scale applications. Currently, it offers the best balance between performance and cost as the mainstream technology. HJT (Heterojunction): Higher efficiency potential (>26.8% in laboratories), high bifaciality, very low degradation, and superior performance under high-temperature and low-light conditions, making it more suitable for utility-scale power plants and premium markets. BC (Back Contact, including IBC/HPBC/ABC): No front busbars, resulting in a cleaner appearance and maximum light absorption. With efficiency potential above 27%, it is especially suitable for high-end residential and public building applications. Future trends: TOPCon is expected to remain the mainstream technology for the next 3–5 years. HJT will grow rapidly in premium and space-constrained markets as costs decline. BC technology represents the ceiling of photovoltaic efficiency and will gradually gain popularity in the high-end market. Project recommendations: For lower initial investment → TOPCon; for utility-scale plants or projects targeting long-term efficiency → HJT; for high-end residential or projects requiring premium aesthetics → BC. Astra can supply solar modules based on all three technologies—TOPCon, HJT, and BC—to meet diverse project needs.